Phrase (usually used in formal writing and formal speech) (Advanced ㊤ 755)
A conjunctive phrase that indicates negative concession: “even if ~ not”.
Equivalent: Without ~ing; even if ~ not; if ~ not
| (i) Vnegative | ずとも | Exception: する→せずとも |
| 使わずとも | Even if one doesn’t use something; without using something | |
| (ii) Nounなら | ずとも | |
| 専門家ならずとも | Even if someone is not a specialist |
